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Fiber Optic Mode
Fiber optic mode is the mode of light transmission in the optical fiber. There are two types of fiber optic mode, the single mode and the multimode. The single mode fibers and multimode fibers are designed to make the light transmitted only by one mode (single mode) or by many modes (multimode).

First of all, we need to understand the transmission of the light in the fiber then we know about the fiber optic modes. We know the optical fiber is a glass made flexible strand, and we know light is beam strike the boundary of a media; there are reflected beams and refracted beams. In fiber optic communications we need the light just within the fiber, we do not want the refracted beams, otherwise the light become weaker and weaker as it is transmitted and soon disappear. The solution is the total internal refection. Optical fiber structure is made to use the total internal reflection of the light to transmit the signal.

A multimode means light reflected inside the core at various angles (multimode) and goes forward from transmitter end to the receiver end, and single mode means light goes inside the optical fiber almost in a straight line (single mode). To make the light transmitted via single mode or multi mode, people make the optical fiber different structure to achieve the goal.
 

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