Loose buffer fiber optic cables are usually used for outdoor applications. The buffer is the tube that surrounds the optical fiber for protection. Loose buffer means the buffer tube inner diameter is much bigger than the outer diameter of optical fiber put inside it. So you can imagine there could be many optical fibers put in the same buffer tube.
A loose buffer can be filled with water-blocking gel to help make the cable waterproof. Another advantage of loose buffer fiber is that because the tube is bigger diameter, outer strength put on the cable cannot affect the fiber until it become very big enough. Because many fibers are put inside the one buffer, loose buffer structure can save cost. The disadvantage is that the loose buffer cable is some difficult when you want to put connectors on each fiber.
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