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Optical Fiber
Usually we see is the fiber optic cable, we seldom get close in touch with the bare optical fiber which is the core part of the cable. The optical fiber is the only medium used for fiber optic communications, all other staff around it is only for protection. So imagine what is the structure of the bare fiber? Is it made of a single layer, a round transparent pure glass tube? The answer is NO.

Actually the optical fiber is made of three layers. The central layer is the fiber optic core. It is made of the material called silica. Surrounded the optical fiber core, there is the cladding layer. It is made of the same material as the core. The difference is they are different refractive indexes. Such a proper refractive indexes can result in the so-called total internal reflection of the light and thus it can keep the light inside the optical fiber during the transmission. The third layer, which surrounds the former two layers, is called the optical fiber coating, which is used to protect the entire structure. Such a structure is used on both single mode optical fiber and multimode optical fibers.
 

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